If warts appear near the anus, it means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is spreading in the body. A dangerous infection, which in the active stage can cause oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is the human papillomavirus?
HPV is a common infection of the genitals that, through active cell division, causes warts to appear in narrow areas. The group of viruses from the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV infects about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus is dormant in the body for many years.
Incubation period
Reproduction lasts 3 months, when the virus does not manifest in any way. In some cases, the incubation period ranges from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the immune status. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissue. Young women's immunity eliminates HPV on its own in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Routes of infection
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Communication and household. The use of objects, clothes, shoes, household items sick.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to the baby as it travels through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity kills the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is required. In other patients it becomes active, relapses. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity.
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners.
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected sexual intercourse.
- long-term medication;
- childbirth, frequent abortions.
- Diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women.
- chronic diseases of the urogenital sphere.
- weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
The papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, lips, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. To rule out uterine dysplasia and the further development of cancer, it is necessary to identify the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infection of the fetus. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, combination therapy begins at 7 months of age, when the baby's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic types of HPV
Depending on the degree of risk of cancer, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Excluding pathogenic changes in cells, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogen. Hpv types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors, it is possible to develop a malignant tumor.
- Moderately oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provocative factors, cancer develops.
- Particularly oncogenic. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The chance of developing oncology is high.
HPV types 16 and 18
HPV type 16 is extremely oncogenic. The germ invades the cells of the body, blocks the anti-cancer defense. In the area of the genitals, the anus, gray spots appear with a rough surface. Over time, warts, papules and warts form. They are found not only in the genitals, but also in the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reduces the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
The signs of infection depend on the strains that have been infected by the individual. At first, the HPV carrier does not feel discomfort. The virus is latent (asymptomatic). Under the influence of triggers, the following signs of HPV appear:
- pain in the external genitalia.
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge.
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during sexual intercourse.
Nipples and warts
Skin growths are the first sign of HPV. Genital warts occur when infected with 6, 11 types of viruses. The growths are flesh-colored, resembling cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, located in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rashes are multiple, they can merge into large foci. The main risk is the risk of injury from such an accumulation in a thin leg.
Papules are caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. They are located on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Increases in dense consistency in the foot vary in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papilloma may worsen. The disease can not be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished in shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Located on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts occur on the soles of the feet, caused by HPV types 1, 2.
- Filamentary. The nodules on the leg are located in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands, in the genitals.
- Level (youthful). It is found in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own when they grow up. It is caused by a virus of types 3, 5.
Diagnostics
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be examined and correctly identified the type of virus. In case of dangerous conditions, a woman enrolls in a department of venereal diseases. The diagnosis is complex, it includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin tumors, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. The colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use the Lugol solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is done to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effects of the virus.
Pap test
This method is used in gynecology. To determine the cancerous changes in the epithelium, a scraping is done from the cervix. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane of the inner side of the cervix and the vaginal canal. It is stained, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancer cells.
The stages of evaluation of the results are the following:
- lack of microbial flora;
- the initial stage of atypical cells.
- abnormal structure of the nuclei.
- cells with irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes.
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
To identify the DNA regions that are characteristic of the papillomavirus, scraping is done from the vagina. With a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg of 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects areas of papillomavirus DNA. The preventive test is characterized by high sensitivity (over 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and tends to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often in conjunction with a cytological study. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
HPV combination therapy includes the following areas:
- excision of growths on the skin.
- taking antiviral drugs.
- immunostimulatory therapy.
Warts and papillae, depending on their location on the body, are easy to injure. In addition, tumors can grow. Such growths are best removed with surgery. Otherwise, the risk of skin lesions soon becoming cancerous increases.
Medication
Taking medication is necessary to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for the complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral ingredients in the composition. This way, you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antique. The composition of the drug contains an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies are produced against the infection.
- Immunoregulators. They inhibit the reproduction of the papillomavirus, stop the growth of the skin, increase the resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of skin tumors with viral disease, one of the suggested surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser treatment. Laser augmentation cauterization. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerance, fast recovery.
- Cold disaster. The warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen and then disappear painlessly. After the procedure, the scars do not remain in the body.
- Diathermy. The growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave therapy. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The operation is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The disadvantage is the scars.
Folk remedies
Alternative medicine methods are used to remove the manifestations of papillomavirus in the complex treatment regimen. It is impossible to cure HPV internally this way, but it is really possible to eliminate skin tumors without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:
- Pull a fresh stalk of falantine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Perform the procedure 1 time / day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate the warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the accumulation disappears.
- Squeeze the garlic juice, lubricate the pathology lesions. Perform the procedure 2-3 times / day. Over time, the ant will disappear.
- Cut the rowan berry in half. Apply to warts, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before going to bed, the positive dynamics are felt after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply to external growths 2-3 times / day, until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, therapeutic infusions and decoctions instead of tea can be included in the complex treatment regimen. Folk remedies with immunostimulatory properties are the following:
- Coniferous infusion. Add 1 tbsp. large. needles chopped needles 1 cup boiling water. Simmer over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, drain, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
- Sugar onions. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon by mouth. 5-6 times / day before meals (honey can be added).
Prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take timely preventive measures. The medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate spontaneous sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthening the immune system (especially during the period of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Follow an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Stable vaccination can only protect against 4 types of papillomaviruses - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.